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Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze ((ロシア語:Михаи́л Васи́льевич Фру́нзе); (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Mihail Vasilievici Frunză); – 31 October 1925) was a Bolshevik leader during and just prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917. He was a major Red Army commander in the Russian Civil War and is best known for defeating Baron Wrangel in Crimea. ==Life and political activity== Frunze was born in Pishpek, then a small Imperial Russian garrison town in the Kyrgyz part of Russian Turkestan (Semirechye Oblast), to a Moldovan medical practitioner (originally from the Kherson Governorate) and his Russian〔Martin McCauley, ''Who's Who in Russia Since 1900'', Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0-415-13897-3, p. 87-88〕 wife. He began his studies at Verniy (present-day Almaty), and in 1904 he attended the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University.〔Martin McCauley, ''Who's Who in Russia Since 1900'', Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0-415-13897-3, p. 87-88〕〔M.V. Frunze, ''Autobiography'', 1921 from М.В. Фрунзе: Военная и политическая деятельность, М.: Воениздат, 1984, hosted at (Militera project )〕 At the Second Congress of the Social Democratic Party Labour Party in London (1903), during the ideological split between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, the two main party leaders, over party tactics (Martov argued for a large party of activists, whilst Lenin wanted a small group of professional revolutionaries with a large fringe group of sympathisers), Frunze sided with Lenin's majority, the so-called ''Bolsheviks'' ("majoritarians", opposed to Martov's minority, the ''Mensheviks'' or "minoritarians"). Two years after the Second Congress Frunze became an important leader in the 1905 Revolution, at the head of striking textile workers in Shuya and Ivanovo. Following the disastrous end of the movement, Frunze was arrested in 1907 and sentenced to death, spending several months on death row awaiting his execution.〔Триумф и Трагедия - И. В. Сталин: политический портрет. (Triumph and Tragedy - I. V. Stalin : A Political Portrait) Дмитрий Волкогонов (Dmitri Volkogonov). Book 1, Part 1, PP. 127. Новости Publications. Moscow. 1989.〕 but he was later reprieved and his sentence was commuted to life at hard labour. After 10 years in Siberian prisons, Frunze escaped to Chita, where he became editor of the Bolshevik weekly newspaper ''Vostochnoe Obozrenie'' (Eastern Perspective). During the February Revolution Frunze headed the Minsk civilian militia before his election as president of the Byelorussian Soviet. He later went to Moscow and led an armed force of workers to aid in the struggle for control of the city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mikhail Frunze」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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